In The Spotlight
Global goods trade grew faster in the first half of 2026 than in any half-year over the past 15 years, apart from the exceptional rebound following the Covid pandemic
Demand for products used to build artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure, including semiconductors and data-transmission equipment, was a major contributor to the increase. According to WTO and OECD analysis, AI-enabling goods accounted for 42% of goods trade growth in 2025, rising to 76% in the first quarter of 2026.
These findings appear in the latest edition of the DHL Globalization Tracker, released by DHL and New York University's Stern School of Business. Drawing on more than 30 million data points, the report examines international flows of trade, capital, information and people. Previously known as the DHL Global Connectedness Tracker, the publication has adopted its new name for this edition.
AI buildout boosts global trade
The expansion of AI infrastructure is increasing demand for specialised equipment and strengthening cross-border supply chains.
"The biggest story in global trade right now is AI, not tariffs," said John Pearson, CEO of DHL Express. "Every AI query ultimately depends on logistics. Chips, networking equipment and the many other goods behind this technology must be in the right place at the right time. DHL connects the businesses and markets behind these complex supply chains. Whenever innovation creates new trade flows, our global network helps keep them moving."
Global effects of Iran war and tariffs remain limited
The war involving Iran and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz disrupted important trade routes, although the effects remained concentrated in economies dependent on the waterway. In the first five months of 2026, trade value fell by 37% in Saudi Arabia and 7% in the United Arab Emirates compared with the same period in 2025.
US tariffs reached their highest levels in decades, but their global impact remained limited. The US accounted for 13% of world imports in recent years, with approximately half of those imports exempt from tariff increases as of August 2026. Most countries avoided broad retaliatory measures, with many pursuing new trade agreements to secure access to alternative markets.
Global trade outlook improves through 2029
Global goods trade is projected to grow by an average of 3.4% annually through 2029, compared with the 2.7% annual growth rate recorded over the previous decade.
"The surprise is not only that global trade kept growing through new tariffs and the Iran war," said Prof. Steven A. Altman, Director of the DHL Initiative on Globalization at NYU Stern's Center for the Future of Management. "The outlook is now stronger than it was before either shock. This reminds us to look beyond the most visible disruptions and recognize the deeper reasons why trade remains so resilient. The AI trade boom highlights the demand for goods and services that can only be provided efficiently when specialized producers work together across countries. It also shows how companies continually adapt to keep trade moving through disruptions and policy shifts."
US-China trade links weaken without a global split
Trade and investment ties between the US and China have weakened considerably, but the shift has not resulted in a broader division of the global economy into rival blocs. Trade between the two countries accounted for 3.5% of world goods trade at its peak in 2015, falling to 1.6% during the first five months of 2026. Their share of international business investment was even smaller, at less than 1%.
Meanwhile, close US allies have largely maintained their economic relationships with China, challenging the idea that the two countries' decoupling is dividing the global economy into competing blocs.
Direct trade figures also understate US reliance on China. Goods imported into the US from other countries increasingly contain Chinese materials and components. When these indirect imports are included, US reliance on China had declined only slightly through 2024, the latest year for which data were available.
Sub-saharan Africa records strong trade growth
Sub-Saharan Africa's trade value increased by 11% in the first five months of 2026 compared with the same period in 2025, despite higher tariffs, geopolitical tensions and disruptions to major trade routes. This followed a period in which the region recorded the world's fastest trade value growth during the first six months of 2025.
"The narrative around Africa often focuses on challenges. What this data shows is that trade across the region continues to grow, even amid geopolitical uncertainty and market disruption. That's a strong signal of the resilience of African businesses and the growing connections between African markets and the rest of the world. The next step is making sure more SMEs can access those opportunities and grow beyond their home markets," said Hennie Heymans, CEO of DHL Express Sub-Saharan Africa.
Globalisation reaches a new record
The report measures globalization through international flows of trade, capital, information and people, using a scale from 0%, representing no cross-border flows, to 100%, where borders and distance have no impact.
Globalisation reached a record level of 25.8% in 2025, supported partly by AI-related trade and investment. All four categories of international flows contributed to the record. Information flows remained the most globalized, followed by capital and trade, while people flows remained the least globalized.
About the DHL Globalization Tracker
The DHL Globalization Tracker is a report and interactive website providing regular updates on globalization and international trade. It complements the DHL Globalization Report, published regularly since 2011.
Drawing on more than 25 public, private and academic sources, the Tracker analyses over 30 million data points covering international flows of trade, capital, information and people. Its interactive charts allow users to explore trends by region, geopolitical alignment and individual country, with options to download data and charts for offline analysis.
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Zoomlion) is accelerating the development of its mining equipment portfolio as it expands its international presence
During the first half of 2026, revenue from its mining machinery business increased by more than 57.20% year on year. Meanwhile, international revenue across the company rose 12.45% to RMB 15.535 billion, representing 57.25% of total revenue.
The company is advancing its construction, agricultural and mining equipment operations across three major global machinery markets. Its mining machinery range includes equipment for excavation, loading, transportation, crushing and screening.
Among its key products are the ZE4000G, a mining excavator with a 400-tonne capacity, and the ZTE520 hybrid electric-drive mining truck, which has a rated payload of 300 tonnes.
Zoomlion's experience in mining engineering dates back several decades. In 1987, its predecessor, the Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute, received a State Council award for developing an integrated open-pit mining system with an annual handling capacity of 10 million tonnes.
The company links the recent expansion of its mining machinery business to efforts to reduce equipment operating costs through product development, practical testing and technological innovation.
Zoomlion designs and refines its machinery around the requirements of operational mining sites. During a previously reported six-month period, its research teams visited approximately 150 mines worldwide, identifying and resolving more than 50 technical challenges. Insights gathered during these visits were subsequently incorporated into product development.
"We calculate operating costs across the full equipment lifecycle so customers can see the economic benefit," said Wu Yuanfeng, deputy general manager of Zoomlion Mining Machinery. "Our pure-electric products can cut costs by more than 50%, and hybrid models can improve profitability by 15% or more, helping mines move toward more efficient, higher-quality operations."
Electrification is another priority within Zoomlion's mining equipment strategy. Its hybrid mining trucks can reduce fuel consumption by up to 40%, while its battery-electric trucks in the 100-tonne class have accumulated more than 8,000 hours of stable operation. The ZT160HEV hybrid mining truck can also support up to 18 hours of continuous autonomous operation.
Alongside electrification, Zoomlion is deploying automation and digital systems to improve operational efficiency. Its technologies include autonomous haulage trucks, remotely operated excavators and fleet coordination systems. According to the company, implementing its system at a major open-pit metal mine in northern China increased the average number of daily trips per truck by more than 10%.
The company's international mining business has expanded into several markets. Electrified machinery has been supplied to coal mines in Indonesia, open-pit mining operations in Argentina, and projects in Ecuador and various African countries.
Zoomlion's broader international operations also recorded growth in the first half of 2026, generating RMB 15.535 billion in revenue, a 12.45% year-on-year increase. Overseas business contributed 57.25% of total revenue, up 1.67 percentage points compared with the same period a year earlier. Growth across South America, Europe, Southeast Asia, Africa and East Asia exceeded the company's overall international growth rate.
To strengthen its overseas presence, Zoomlion is investing in localized manufacturing, distribution and after-sales service. By June 30, 2026, the company had established more than 30 primary business hubs, over 530 secondary and tertiary outlets, and more than 300 spare parts warehouses worldwide. Its aerial work platform factory in Hungary had commenced production, while its German facility had undergone expansion and upgrades to become a multipurpose hub.
"Our overseas front-line operations and back-office teams are now digitally connected, enabling seamless 24-hour coordination," said Liu Jianqiang, Zoomlion's marketing director and deputy general manager of its overseas business.
The combination of mining machinery growth and international expansion is diversifying Zoomlion's revenue base. With mining machinery business growth exceeding 57.20% in the first half of 2026, the company is continuing to develop its equipment portfolio while strengthening its manufacturing, sales and service infrastructure across international markets.
Perkins has unveiled its latest power generation engine designed to support Africa’s growing energy demands across the data centre industry, healthcare, airports and remote worksites
Its new 5016 full-authority electronic engine for power generation is now in production in both India and the UK and available for markets in Africa and worldwide, offering reliable power, fuel efficiency and robust load acceptance.
The full range of 6-, 8-, 12-and 16-cylinder 5000 Series engines offer up to 2500 kVA of standby power and up to 2250 kVA of prime power for customers around the world.
The new 5016 delivers a powerful 1400-2500 kVA range at 50 Hz for base load, prime and standby applications.As with all engines in the 5000 Series range, the 61-litre, V16 configuration engine has been designed specifically for power generation.
The 5016 is engineered to offer reliable power at worksites where uptime matters.
“With the 5016 in production, we have a comprehensive range of 6-, 8-, 12-and 16-cylinder full-authority electronic engines, delivering up to 2500 kVA, available to power our customers’ prime and critical standby applications,” said Dan Bentley, EAME sales director at Perkins.
Fuel efficiency benefits
Engineered to meet ISO G3 and NFPA110 standards to handle demanding load acceptance challenges, the 5016 uses a pair of smaller turbochargers on each bank, which are designed to reduce transient response time when compared with a single large unit.Its exhaust manifolds are engineered to optimise gas flow to the turbochargers, further reducing ramp-up time and enhancing load acceptance.
The power unit is also built to world-class standards for optimised efficiency and improved fuel consumption.
An advanced electronically controlled fuel injection system precisely manages fuel delivery to optimise combustion, improving engine efficiency, reducing fuel consumption and supporting lower emissions.
The engine also incorporates a unique low-pressure fuel system developed specifically for the 5000 Series, providing excellent tolerance to variations in fuel quality and enabling operation on biodiesel blends up to B20 or 100% HVO1.
The use of renewable HVO fuel can reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, helping customers meet their sustainability goals while maintaining engine performance and reliability, with low oil consumption and extended 750-hour service intervals helping to minimise waste, reduce maintenance requirements and lower total cost of ownership.
Ideal for fast-growing territories
While particularly well suited to data centre and critical power installations, the company believes the 5016 is an attractive choice for other high-power applications around the world, including projects in rapidly growing territories where demand for dependable large-engine solutions continues to increase.
“The 5006, 5008 and 5012 models are already delivering dependable power in a wide variety of electric power generation installations around the world,” said Bentley.
Equipped with the latest technology to operate at peak efficiency over its full rated output range, the 5016 has been designed as a compact package, making it an ideal choice for space-limited applications.
Electronically controlled injectors can alter both timing and pressure to accommodate a broad range of ambient temperatures and altitudes without sacrificing performance.
Working together with the advanced turbocharging technology developed for the 5000 Series the combination has been proven to help optimise load acceptance, altitude capability and fuel consumption.
“The extensive endurance testing work across the range, including the 5016, means I have every confidence that the 16-cylinder will also meet our customers’ expectations for uptime,” added Bentley.
As with all Perkins engines, the 5000 Series is backed by Perkins’ global service and support network of authorised distributors offering connectivity and condition monitoring solutions and ongoing engine maintenance and repair.
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In the final webinar of its African Review-hosted 2023 campaign, Convergent Group explored its modern, eco-friendly concrete solutions for African projects
Such solutions – delivered to cut maintenance costs by eliminating hazardous silicate products – were showcased by company experts in the form of Jean-Claude Biard, SEO of Convergent Group SA; Mputu Schmidt, former CEO of Convergent Group SA and founder of Bondeko MB (exclusive distributor of Convergent Group in Africa); Carlos Garcia, technical and sales for ADI Group (Spanish distributor for Convergent Group); and Amritpal Singh Sura, external consultant for flooring treatments, former distributor of Convergent products in the Middle East.
“A number of projects we were doing in the Middle East required protection,” remarked Sura. “Longevity of protection requires a system which basically impregnates and becomes a densified surface as opposed to something which is topical and lifts off due to moisture migration. I found that being exposed to Convergent, it was important to stay focused on those systems in the Middle East. Jean-Claude, Mputu and I met several times in Dubai and there was emphasis on providing systems which were affordable and still ending up having a robust, lasting longevity of product. So you are not spending money all the time in order to maintain the finishes which you have already paid for.”
Over the course of the session, the participants guided the audience through the potential of cutting-edge lithium silicate technology for enhancing the protection of concrete surfaces, maximising cost-effectiveness and meeting sustainability targets.
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In a comprehensive webinar hosted by African Review, a panel of professionals associated with Convergent Group explored new generation lithium silicate technology and why it is emerging as the optimum solution for concrete floor protection.
Robert Daniels, editor of African Review, was joined by Jean-Claude Biard, CEO of Convergent Group; Mputu Schmidt, former CEO of Convergent and founder of Bondeko MB, an exclusive distributor of Convergent; Hicham Sofyani, president of Texol; Carlos Garcia, technical and sales for ADI Group; and Marc Puig, commercial manager of Comace Import.
Each providing a unique angle, the panellists combined to provide a masterclass around concrete treatments and the increasing challenges around them, explaining to attendees how to choose the right formula for their requirements and touching on issues such as why lithium densifiers are better than sodium and potassium densifiers.
Throughout the session, those watching were treated to informative case studies showcasing how Convergent eco-friendly products are increasing abrasion resistance, raising ease of maintenance, and ensuring the highest quality gloss retention.
By the end of the webinar, a majority of attendees (many of which had not had much experience with Convergent) expressed their interest in using the company’s new generation lithium silicate technology with the rest indicating their desire to learn more about Convergent and its products. Watch the webinar, in full, to discover why viewers were convinced and learn more about advanced floor care solutions for your operations.
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Presenting on an African Review-hosted webinar, Martin Provencher, global industry principal for mining, metals and materials at AVEVA, explored the digital transformation of mining operations and its impact on sustainability.
“Sustainability is becoming a key aspect for mining operations,” remarked Provencher. “If we look at the latest EY research on the top ten business risks and opportunities for mining and metals globally in 2023, ESG remains at the top. Of course, most companies have environmental goals or are expected to reach a net zero emission by 2050, which is a pretty aggressive target. Many of them are targeting 30% reduction by 2030; seven years from now. So there is a lot of action that needs to take place quickly to get there. It is possible to get there, but we need to make sure we are doing this correctly.”
Fast becoming a huge part of ESG initiatives is fleet electrification where particular progress is being made in underground mines. While some countries are certainly more advanced than others here, Provencher noted that 40% of total emissions from the mining industry come from diesel trucks, making EVs a very attractive low-hanging fruit for companies to pursue.
There are, however, a number of challenges associated with bringing in electric vehicles which remains a barrier for introduction. One of the predominant reasons, is the limited range of EVs against diesel counterparts. To mitigate this, Provencher continued, data management is key and ensuring a strong grasp of real-time information coming in will show operators when machinery needs to be charged, allowing them to plan effectively for maximum efficiency on site.
Indeed, this is but a small advantage that digitalisation can bring to the mining industry as it grapples to meet ESG goals while achieving production targets. By getting a better grip of their data and using it to empower tools such as artificial intelligence, advanced analytics and machine learning, companies can achieve tangible benefits such as reduce downtime, enhance worker safety, cut operating costs and, of course, ensure compliance with environmental regulations and targets.
Through the course of the webinar, Provencher outlined this in more detail and explored AVEVA’s suite of cutting-edge software solutions, specifically designed to help mining companies make progress on their digitalisation journey and empower their operations.
Watch the full webinar, completed with detailed case studies and an insightful Q&A session.
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Convergent, in association with African Review, has held a detailed webinar exploring the usage and effectiveness of lithium silicates and densifiers over traditional methods of concrete surface management which often struggle to meet the increasing challenges posed by concrete surface management.
Convergent experts including Mputu Schmidt, CEO of Convergent; Carlos Garcia, product manager end-user solutions, construction chemicals, Spain and Portugal for the RD Group; Matteo Mozzarelli, CEO of concrete Solutions Italia; and Jean-Claude Biard, global senior executive for the Convergent Group, presented across the session.
Together, they delved into the latest cost-effective application methods for long lasting finishing of concrete that can help reduce maintenance costs and avoid unexpected repair action. In addition, they examined the advancements in technologies that can sustain increased abrasion resistant stains and ensure gloss retention to the highest quality.
As part of the webinar, the representatives explored case studies including a case in DRC where a medical centre had been constructed with a low-quality concrete floor. The customer was considering completely replacing the floor but instead, Convergent put forward a special treatment with its 244+ Pentra-Sil lithium hardener, densifier and sealer. With this solution, Convergent can increase the hardness of a surface by up to 40% and therefore saved the customer significant recuperation costs over a complete replacement. Convergent were happy to report that the solution was perfect for the facility and the customer was pleased to avoid the extra construction work that would have been required for a complete replacement.
Watch the full webinar, including more information about Convergent’s innovative solutions.
Kruger National Park secures renewable energy equivalent to over 25% of annual electricity use through an Ampli Energy sponsorship. (Image source: Kruger National Park)
Kruger National Park is SANParks’ largest electricity user, accounting for approximately 70% of the organisation’s Scope 2 emissions. Electricity demand is also increasing, with the park welcoming more than 1.8 million visitors in 2025
Developing large-scale renewable energy generation within the park would require substantial capital investment and land. SANParks has prioritised conserving its land rather than using it for energy generation.
Changes in South Africa’s electricity market have created an alternative approach, allowing renewable energy to be generated at suitable locations and delivered through the electricity network to consumers elsewhere.
Dr Sarushen Pillay, executive vice-president: Business Building, Strategy and Technology, said, “Ampli Energy is demonstrating how South Africa’s industrial base can be a catalyst for both energy security and the energy transition. By using our Secunda complex as the backstop oRtaker for Ampli’s renewable energy portfolio, we are accelerating decarbonisation across our business while helping SANParks and other organisations do the same. With its scale and energy demand profile, Secunda is a cornerstone of South Africa’s energy system, showing how the country’s largest industrial assets can support both energy security and the transition. We are excited to see Ampli bringing to life the vision we share with Discovery Green: making renewable energy accessible at scale and helping organisations such as SANParks achieve their sustainability goals.”
The partnership is already operational. Through Ampli, Discovery Green and Sasol have supplied renewable energy equivalent to more than 25% of Kruger National Park’s electricity consumption over the past few months.
Hapiloe Sello, SANParks CEO, said the arrangement forms part of a wider strategy to modernise infrastructure and strengthen resilience.
“Kruger National Park is not only South Africa’s premier tourism destination, but also a cornerstone of conservation in our country and across the SANParks system. By securing renewable energy equivalent to more than 25% of the park’s annual electricity consumption, we are strengthening the park’s long-term sustainability, improving energy resilience and demonstrating how conservation institutions can contribute meaningfully to a lower-carbon future,” she said.
A partnership for the next century
The agreement is expected to help SANParks progressively reduce emissions associated with its electricity consumption while allowing the organisation to maintain its focus on conservation.
Andre Nepgen, CEO of Discovery Green, stated, “We deeply value our partnership with SANParks. Through Ampli Energy, we are sponsoring the park with renewable energy in a way that supports the economic and environmental health of South Africa. This contribution supports SANParks’ mission to conserve, expand and sustainably manage the country’s natural and cultural assets for current and future generations.”
The initiative also supports Kruger National Park’s position as a nature-based tourism destination. Sello said, “Today’s travellers increasingly seek destinations that demonstrate genuine environmental responsibility. By integrating renewable energy into park operations, Kruger National Park strengthens its ability to combine exceptional visitor experiences with responsible environmental management.”
Nepgen concluded, “It is a privilege to apply our data-led approach to renewable energy in partnership with Sasol through Ampli Energy to support an iconic South African institution. We are proud to help power KNP’s next 100 years.”
Telehandlers are among the Wacker Neuson compact machines supplied by newly appointed dealer Welgro in Mpumalanga (Image source: Wacker Neuson)
Wacker Neuson South Africa has expanded its dealer network and reinforced its presence in Mpumalanga with the appointment of Welgro Engineering and Mining Supplies
“Welgro’s established sales network, fully equipped workshop and service infrastructure, together with its proven track record across the mining, engineering, construction and agricultural sectors, made the partnership the natural choice,” said Eric Berrington, Wacker Neuson’s regional manager for Gauteng, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga.
Welgro Engineering and Mining Supplies is a provider of industrial and construction equipment solutions that has served the region for 40 years.
“The dealership also represents several respected international brands that demand a high standard of technical expertise and aftersales support, giving us further confidence in Welgro’s ability to successfully support customers over the long term,” added Berrington.
He said Welgro’s alignment with Wacker Neuson’s core values, together with recommendations from multiple industry contacts, prompted Wacker Neuson to initiate discussions.
“Welgro Engineering and Mining Supplies has built its business on long-term relationships, practical product knowledge and dependable service, with a steadfast focus on first understanding each customer’s operation before recommending the right solution to support sustainable operations,” said Kyle Handley, managing director at Welgro.
“Because every site and operation faces unique pressures, from production deadlines to safety requirements and downtime challenges, we adopt a hands-on, consultative approach, supporting customers with a wide range of industrial and construction solutions, backed by experienced sales and technical staff and a well-equipped workshop.
”Playing a vital role in the national economy, Mpumalanga is central to Wacker Neuson’s dealer expansion strategy, with the company’s approach anchored around three key hubs – Mbombela, eMalahleni and Secunda – and aligned to the industries driving growth across the province.
Handley outlined key reasons why Welgro was eager to partner with Wacker Neuson, including product quality and reliability, as well as strong reputation in construction, plant hire and infrastructure development.
He said customers want high-performing, dependable equipment that helps optimise their operations, and highlighted Wacker Neuson’s machines as well-engineered, robust and built for tough working environments.
“The machines are practical, intuitive and productivity-driven – qualities that resonate with operators.”
Under the dealership agreement, Welgro will supply Wacker Neuson’s full range of compact machines, including mini excavators, telehandlers and wheel loaders; construction equipment, including pumps and lighting towers; compaction equipment, including rammers and plate compactors; concrete technology, including external vibrators; and other specialised worksite solutions.
The range is positioned to support the diverse requirements of customers across the construction, agricultural, mining and related industries.
“Our immediate focus is on building a strong, reliable offering around Wacker Neuson’s products already in demand locally, expanding the range over time in line with customers’ changing requirements,” said Handley.
“Compact machines and equipment are especially well-suited to the market, with the capability to perform efficiently in confined spaces – a quality that is highly valued across the sectors. We also expect to see strong demand for lighting towers, particularly in mining, where reliable site illumination is critical for safety and productivity.”
He said there are also “compelling growth prospects” for electric and zero-emission equipment.
“We are ready to introduce more of Wacker Neuson’s electric product ranges to support customers with sustainable, efficient, environmentally conscious and forward-looking solutions.”
Mine closure is often discussed as something that happens at the end of a mine’s life — in reality, many of the most important closure decisions are made much earlier; while the mine is still being designed, financed, operated, and assessed. Water is one of the clearest examples, writes Shameer Hareeparsad, director: geochemistry, WSP in Africa
Once underground workings begin to flood after closure, groundwater starts interacting with the materials left behind. Those interactions can influence water quality for decades. They may determine whether closure plans are credible, whether regulators have confidence in the proposed management measures, and whether surrounding groundwater systems are protected over the long-term.
For underground mines that use paste backfill, this presents a specific question: how will the backfilled material behave once it is saturated after closure?
Paste backfill has an important role in modern underground mining. It can support excavations, improve ground stability, allow mined-out voids to be filled with mineralised residues, and reduce the amount of tailings placed on surface. These are significant benefits. However, backfill should not only be assessed for how well it can be placed underground or how it performs structurally during operations. It also needs to be understood as a geochemical material that may interact with groundwater once the mine has closed.
Understanding the geochemical source
That requires a different kind of prediction. One of the practical tools used in this kind of prediction is a geochemical source term. It refers to the estimated quality and loading of water that may be released from a material into the receiving environment. Put more simply, it helps answer a practical question: what could this material contribute to groundwater, and under what conditions?
Post-closure water quality must be predicted using the best available evidence, while still recognising the uncertainty involved in modelling systems that will evolve underground over long periods.
Underground nickel mine assessment
In a recent underground nickel mine assessment, the paste aggregate fill included sulphide-bearing tailings, crushed waste rock, process residues, and a slag-based cement binder with an additional binder aid. From a geochemical perspective, this is not an inert blend. The tailings contain sulphide minerals that could generate acidity under certain conditions. At the same time, the binder contributes alkalinity, which can help buffer that acidity once the system becomes saturated.
The question, therefore, was not whether the material was “safe” or “unsafe”. The more relevant question was how the material was likely to behave as groundwater returned to the stopes after mining ceased.
To answer this, the assessment considered two main mechanisms by which solutes could move from the backfill into groundwater. The first is advection, where water movement carries dissolved constituents through pore spaces. The second is diffusion, in which constituents move more slowly due to concentration differences between the backfill and the surrounding water.
During the early flooding period, advective movement can be more significant because hydraulic gradients remain, and more soluble constituents may be flushed from the material. As the system becomes fully saturated and those gradients weaken, diffusion is expected to become more important over the longer term.
Laboratory testing provided the basis for this assessment. Modified triaxial permeability testing was used to estimate advective porewater quality, while the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework method was used to derive diffusion coefficients. These results were then used to inform groundwater modelling and closure planning.
The results showed a material with low hydraulic conductivity, which limits bulk water movement through the backfill. The long-term porewater chemistry was predicted to remain strongly alkaline and dominated by calcium and chloride. Under those conditions, most metals are expected to remain at low concentrations in solution.
The early flushing period is different. The upper-case scenario, which represents a cautious view of what could happen during initial saturation, showed short-lived increases in certain constituents, including calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, strontium, and copper. This is important because closure planning must account not only for the eventual stable condition, but also for the transitional period when a flooded underground system is still adjusting.
That does not mean the early-stage results should be treated as a forecast of permanent water quality. In the modelling, those upper-case conditions were deliberately conservative. The assessment applied cautious assumptions, including high mass-transfer rates and the exclusion of some secondary mineral reactions that could reduce dissolved concentrations.
Why conservative modelling matters
This approach is intended to avoid understating the potential loading to groundwater.
That precaution is essential. In mine closure, overconfidence is expensive. If predictions are overly optimistic, the consequences may not become visible for years, when treatment requirements, environmental impacts, or liability concerns are far harder to manage. A conservative model does not remove uncertainty, but it gives project teams, regulators, and other decision-makers a more defensible starting point.
This is also why site-specific testing matters. It is tempting to borrow assumptions from other operations or to rely on generic expectations about how paste backfill should behave. That is seldom good enough. The mineralogy, binder chemistry, groundwater setting, saturation rate, and underground geometry all influence how a backfilled stope may perform after closure.
Why site-specific testing matters
No laboratory programme can perfectly reproduce the underground environment over the course of decades. Temperature, groundwater chemistry, hydraulic gradients, mineral reactivity, and stope-scale flow paths will always introduce uncertainty. But a structured approach can narrow that uncertainty and make it easier to refine predictions as monitoring data becomes available during operations and after mining has ceased.
Planning for uncertainty
The scrutiny around closure plans is also changing. Regulators, financiers, communities, and internal governance teams increasingly expect mining companies to show not only that a closure plan exists, but that it is based on credible evidence and can be adapted as conditions change.
Paste backfill can play an important role in more responsible underground mining and closure design. But its value depends on understanding both its structural and geochemical performance. A material that works well operationally still needs to be assessed for how it may behave once the mine is no longer active and groundwater conditions begin to recover.
Bringing water quality into closure planning
The broader lesson is that post-closure water quality should not be treated as something to discover after flooding has occurred. It should be part of the design conversation from the outset.
Better prediction will not eliminate every closure risk. Mining systems are too complex for that. But it can help the industry make more informed decisions, identify where monitoring is needed, and demonstrate that long-term water protection has been considered before the mine reaches the end of its life.
That is where closure planning needs to move: not towards false certainty, but towards evidence strong enough to support responsible decisions in conditions that will always carry some uncertainty.
Read more:
FLS highlights lifecycle approach to African mining operations
Mine dewatering: integrated pump technology
Rethinking South Africa's wastewater infrastructure
Hapag-Lloyd is expanding its presence across Africa by opening new offices in Namibia, Rwanda and Burundi, strengthening its local customer support and regional network
Effective 1 October 2026, the company will establish its own office in Namibia and introduce a new setup in Kigali, Rwanda, serving customers in both Rwanda and Burundi. The developments strengthen Hapag-Lloyd’s operations across Southern and East Africa, enabling the company to combine local market knowledge and customer proximity with the wider reach of its African and global network.
Africa is becoming increasingly significant in global trade as economies expand, trade flows develop and connections with international markets strengthen. The evolution of supply chains across the continent, alongside rising demand for dependable international coSW5nnectivity, is creating new opportunities for businesses and communities. Hapag-Lloyd’s latest investments reflect its strategy of moving closer to customers while continuing to develop local expertise, capabilities and network connections.
The company’s expanded footprint includes a new office in Walvis Bay, which will establish Hapag-Lloyd’s own local presence in Namibia. In East Africa, the new Kigali setup will serve customers in Rwanda and Burundi, extending the company’s reach into two landlocked markets while connecting them to its regional and international network.
The Kigali operation will build on Hapag-Lloyd’s existing connectivity in East Africa. The company currently operates two weekly services through Dar es Salaam, supporting imports and exports from Rwanda and Burundi with direct connections to India and the Far East. The new setup in Kigali will complement these services by providing customers in both countries with closer access to Hapag-Lloyd’s support and local market expertise.
“Strengthening our presence in Namibia, Rwanda and Burundi is an important milestone in the continued development of Hapag-Lloyd in Africa,” said Jesper Kanstrup, managing director Sub-Region Africa at Hapag-Lloyd.
“Africa is a highly diverse continent, and serving our customers successfully requires a strong understanding of the individual markets in which they operate. By strengthening our presence, we combine local industry knowledge and customer proximity with the reach of Hapag-Lloyd’s global network. Each market offers different opportunities, and this expansion reflects our long-term commitment to our customers and to Africa.”
The expansion forms part of Hapag-Lloyd’s wider Strategy 2030 ambitions, with Africa continuing to feature in the company’s growth plans. By investing in local teams and market expertise and maintaining close relationships with customers, authorities and partners, Hapag-Lloyd aims to develop an organisation capable of responding to the specific requirements of individual African markets while connecting them to its global liner network.
The new operations in Namibia, Rwanda and Burundi represent another stage in Hapag-Lloyd’s African expansion and underline its long-term commitment to developing alongside customers across the continent.
Africa has an opportunity to convert geopolitical tensions and shifting global trade patterns into a catalyst for industrialisation and long-term economic resilience, according to a new Afreximbank report
Leveraging Geopolitics for Trade and Industrialisation in Global Africa examines trade and economic developments across the continent and globally, and outlines strategies for African nations to benefit from supply chain realignments and changing geopolitical dynamics.
“Africa stands at a critical juncture,” said Dr Yemi Kale, group chief economist and managing director of research and trade intelligence at Afreximbank.
“Geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation are reshaping global trade patterns, but they also present a historic opportunity for the continent. By strategically leveraging these shifts, Africa can build a more resilient, competitive and inclusive economic future.”
Despite a challenging global backdrop, the report highlights Africa’s strong recent economic performance.
While global economic growth slowed to 3.4% in 2025 and is projected to ease further to 3.1% in 2026, Africa’s real GDP growth accelerated from 3.4% in 2024 to 4.5% in 2025, outperforming the global average.
Africa’s merchandise trade also expanded by 6.1% to approximately US$1.5 trillion, while aggregate inflation fell significantly from 21.6% in 2024 to 13.1% in 2025.
According to Afreximbank, these gains reflect improved macroeconomic management, ongoing policy reforms and the role of development finance institutions in supporting economic stability.
However, the report warns that significant structural challenges remain.
Africa’s trade finance gap is estimated at approximately US$74bn in 2025, limiting the continent’s ability to fully capitalise on trade and industrial opportunities.
The situation is compounded by foreign exchange constraints and a continued decline in correspondent banking relationships.
The report also notes that evolving shipping routes and persistent disruptions in global logistics networks are increasing freight costs and extending delivery times, particularly for economies dependent on imported inputs and external markets.
To strengthen resilience, Afreximbank identifies accelerated implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), expansion of the Pan-African Payment and Settlement System (PAPSS) and reforms to the global financial architecture as key priorities.
The report notes that stronger industrial ecosystems, increased intra-African trade and sustained financial support will be critical if the continent is to transform geopolitical disruption into sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
“It is imperative for the continent to act decisively to strengthen regional value chains, deepen industrial capacity, expand access to trade finance, and accelerate continental integration,” said Kale, adding that Africa “cannot afford to delay.”
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Supply chain boost for African businesses
Wang Jiazhong, senior vice president of Yadea Technology Group, pictured with Spiro’s CEO Anant Badjatya (Image source: Spiro)
African mobility group Spiro has signed a partnership with Yadea to scale accessible and sustainable electric transport across the continent
The partnership comes as Spiro accelerates its next phase of growth and expansion across Africa following its latest US$270mn funding round, which included investment from NewTrails Capital, a Chinese fund.
Yadea, founded in China, is the world's leading manufacturer of electric two-wheelers, with more than 100 million vehicles sold worldwide in over 100 countries and 10 exclusive production facilities globally.
Under the agreement, Yadea will supply electric two-wheelers and related EV products tailored to Spiro’s expanding regional markets, while Spiro will integrate the vehicles into its proprietary battery-swapping and energy infrastructure.
The companies will also co-develop customised two-wheeler platforms engineered specifically for local road conditions and commercial utility across Africa.
“Africa’s shift to electric mobility is accelerating and this partnership helps us meet that demand at scale,” said Anant Badjatya, CEO of Spiro.
“By bringing together Yadea’s manufacturing strength with Spiro’s electric mobility ecosystem and operating experience across Africa, we are compressing the timeline to clean transport — helping thousands more riders switch to affordable EVs faster and multiplying our climate impact across the continent.”
Spiro already boasts an operational network and battery-swapping ecosystem across seven countries.
Together, the companies aim to build a scalable, commercially sustainable EV framework serving millions of commercial fleet operators, delivery services, logistics providers, and daily commuters in Africa’s fastest-growing mobility markets.
“Our strategic partnership with Yadea…opens fantastic opportunities to jointly pioneer the next era of electric mobility in emerging markets”, said Gagan Gupta, Spiro’s founder.
Wang Jiazhong, senior vice president of Yadea Technology Group, said Africa represents a huge frontier for zero-emission transport.
“Our mission to reduce carbon emissions has reached a powerful milestone through this partnership with Spiro. Together, we are combining global innovation with local infrastructure to deliver scalable and sustainable mobility solutions that serve millions of riders and transform Africa’s urban transit.”
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