Steenkampskraal advances monazite production phase

Steenkampskraal Monazite Mine (SMM) has marked the official start of construction of its new monazite processing plant with a ceremonial soil-turning event

The milestone forms part of the mine’s phased development strategy and is expected to position South Africa as a producer of high-grade monazite concentrate, an important feedstock for rare earth elements used in renewable energy, electronics, medical and defence technologies.

The announcement follows recent operational progress at the site. SMM said it has successfully commissioned its on-site laboratory and, for the first time in more than 60 years, produced monazite concentrate through its metallurgical circuit.

Graham Soden, CEO of SMM, said, “The initial product has demonstrated approximately 50% total rare earth oxide (TREO) content, confirming the high-grade nature of the deposit. In parallel, the mine’s hydrometallurgical laboratory circuit is currently undergoing optimisation. Early results have been encouraging, with production of mixed rare earth carbonate (MREC) and cracked thorium anticipated in the near term.”

The new processing facility, located close to the existing underground decline shaft exit, will receive monazite-rich ore directly through a purpose-built conveyor belt system. Ore from underground operations will be transferred to the surface plant for initial concentration using gravity separation and flotation technology.

According to the company, the Steenkampskraal plant has been designed to achieve steady-state annual production of around 13,400 tonnes of monazite concentrate containing more than 50% total rare earth oxides (TREO). During the initial ramp-up phase, output is expected to begin at approximately 6,600 tonnes per year, rising to full capacity by the end of the first year.

“This phase will use proven gravity separation and flotation technology, optimised through modern refinements and pilot testing by the Saskatchewan Research Council and Mintek. The process flow draws on the successful methods used during Anglo American’s historic operations at Steenkampskraal between 1952 and 1963. It has been adapted for modern environmental standards and incorporates a multi-gravity separation circuit, currently under evaluation for enhanced recovery efficiency.

“The processing plant will receive feedstock from both historic surface stockpiles and underground ore, minimising initial capital expenditure and operational risk. This approach provides early revenue generation while refurbishment of underground infrastructure continues in parallel. The design also includes a front-end comminution and milling circuit, ensuring consistent feed quality to the concentrator and allowing for optimal grade control.

“Phase 1 forms the foundation for subsequent processing stages, including hydrometallurgical treatment, oxide separation and product manufacturing, all of which will be undertaken within South Africa to maximise local beneficiation and value retention.”

Enock Mathebula, executive chairperson of SMM, added, “This phase represents the practical realisation of our strategy to re-establish Steenkampskraal as a globally significant source of rare earth materials.

“We are leveraging proven metallurgical processes, supported by modern technology and strong compliance standards, to ensure a sustainable and efficient operation that benefits both the national economy and local communities.

“The soil-turning event is more than a construction milestone, it is the foundation of Steenkampskraal’s commercial future. By establishing dedicated ore transport and processing infrastructure, we are creating South Africa’s first dedicated monazite concentration facility. This concentrate represents our initial revenue-generating product and will serve as feedstock for subsequent value-adding stages, including mixed rare earth carbonate and thorium production.

“The soil-turning demonstrates our commitment to rapid, responsible development. With funding secured and construction now underway, we are on track to establish a revenue-generating process before the end of 2026. This will not only generate early cash flow but also create jobs, support local communities and contribute to South Africa’s critical minerals strategy. Offtake discussions for the concentrate are already advanced with international partners.

“The Steenkampskraal deposit is recognised as one of the highest-grade rare earth and thorium resources globally, with a NI 43-101 compliant current resource of 665,000 tonnes at 14.5% TREO and significant co-products including thorium (2.14%). The spade-ready project benefits from fully developed underground and surface infrastructure, full regulatory licensing and an experienced mining partner, Bora Mining Investments (BMI).”

“SMM remains committed to sustainable practices, including environmental rehabilitation, community skills development and compliance with all nuclear and environmental regulations.”

Located in the Western Cape, Steenkampskraal Monazite Mine is a rare earth and thorium project owned by Steenkampskraal Holdings in partnership with Bora Mining Investments (BMI). The company said the fully permitted project is progressing a phased development plan to produce monazite concentrate, mixed rare earth carbonates, thorium and eventually separated rare earth oxides, supporting glob